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The register records the particulars filed on incorporation and any subsequent filings made to the Registrar. Changes in directors, members and beneficial ownership are recorded at the registered office of the company and are not reflected in this register.

The Seychelles register of beneficial owners is not public: it is kept at the registered office by the registered agent and is open to the authorities alone. Who ultimately owns this company cannot be confirmed against a register, and the case is therefore assessed on the applicant's own documents.

The register of members of a Seychelles IBC is kept by the registered agent and is not issued to the applicant. A certificate of incumbency from that agent, or share certificates, name the same holders.

Good standing is confirmed on the incumbency certificate issued by the registered agent.

Companies in the commercial free zones of the UAE are not held on any register open to search: each free zone authority keeps its own register and does not publish it, and beneficial ownership, filed with that authority under Cabinet Decision 58 of 2020, is not public either. Nothing about this structure can be confirmed against a registry, so the case is assessed on the applicant's own documents — whose authenticity the issuing free zone confirms by the code printed on them. The two financial free zones, DIFC and ADGM, do publish company registers and are not described by this statement.

UAE free zones do not issue a register of members. The certificate of incumbency from the free zone authority names the current shareholders, and share certificates name the same holders.

Nor is a register of directors issued; the same certificate of incumbency names the directors in office.

Canada answers about beneficial ownership at two levels, and this pack answers for the country. A corporation incorporated federally files its individuals with significant control with Corporations Canada; a corporation of a province keeps that register at its own records office and files it with nobody, Quebec being the one province whose register publishes ultimate beneficiaries. Neither is consulted here: the case records the level the company is registered at, and no channel to either registry exists on our side. Who ultimately owns this company is therefore taken from the applicant's own documents — the register of members the corporation keeps, certified by its secretary.

Canadian registries issue a certificate of compliance and a director listing instead of an incumbency certificate.

A Hong Kong company keeps its register of significant controllers at its registered office and has done since March 2018. The register is not filed with the Companies Registry and is not open to the public: the company appoints a designated representative and produces the register to law enforcement on demand. So who ultimately controls this company cannot be confirmed against a register — but there is somebody to ask, and it is the company itself. A copy of that register, certified by the company, is what answers the question here, and asking for it is not a formality: the company is required to keep it accurate.

Hong Kong does not issue certificates of incumbency. The company's register of directors — or the Companies Registry's particulars search, which carries the same officers — together with the register of members names the same people the certificate would.